D R KAPREKAR

HE WAS BORN ON 1905.HE INHERITED OF ASTROLOGY FROM HIS FATHER AND THIS MADE HIM TO ENTER INTO THE FASCINATING WORLD OF NUMBERS.HE MADE MANY SIGNIFICANT DISCOVERIES OF WHICH KAPREKAR CONSTANT IS BEST KNOWN OUTSIDE INDIA.HE IS ALSO KNOWN FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO RECREATIONAL MATHEMATICS.

E C G SUDARSHAN

HE IS THE ONE OF THE LEADING THEORETICAL PHYSICISTS.ONE OF THA FAMOUS WORK HE HAS DONE WAS WORK ON WEAK INTERACTIONS.HE IS POPULARLY KNOWN FOR HIS HYPOTHESIS OF TACHYONS,PARTICLES WHICH TRAVEL FASTER THAN LIGHT.HE HAS ALSO PROPOUNDED QUANTUM ZERO PARADOX.

G N RAMACHANDRAN

HE IS A PIONEER IN APPLYING X-RAY DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN MOLECULES.HE DISCOVERED THAT COLLAGEN HAS TRIPLE HELICAL STRUCTURE.HIS GROUP AT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE(MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS DIVISION) STUDIED A NUMBER OF GIANT MOLECULES LIKE PROTEIN,NUCLEIC ACID AND POLYSACCHARIDES.

HAR GOBIND KHORANA

KHORANA PRODUCED A PART OF GENE OF YEAST CELL IN HIS LABORATORY WHICH HELPED HIM BREAKING THE GENETIC CODE.HE SHARED NOBEL PRIZE IN 1968.KHORANA AND HIS GROUP BUILT UP 207 GENE OF A BACTERIA E.COLI AND INCLUDED CHEMICALS WHICH WILL SIGNAL STOP AND START TO THE GENE.THE MAN MADE GENE WAS INSERTED INTO E.COLI AND IT STARTED WORKING LIKE ITS NATURAL GENE.

J B S HALDANE

HE WAS BORN ON 1892.HALDANE MADE ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN DIVERSE SUBJECTS LIKE PHYSIOLOGY,MEDICINE,EVOLUTION,GENETICS,MATHEMATICS,BIOCHEMISTRY AND COSMOLOGY.HE WAS THE FIRST TO USE MATHEMATICS IN GENETICS.HE PROVED THE CORRECTNESS OF DARWIN'S THEORY OF EVOLUTION APPLYING MATHEMATICS TO MUTATION.HIS DISCOVERY IN BIOCHEMISTRY BECAME THE LAW OF ENZYME CHEMISTRY.

JAHANGIR

JAHANGIR,SON OF AKBAR WAS BORN IN 1569.HE WAS A FAMOUS NATURALIST OR ORNITHOLOGIST.HIS OBSERVATIONS ARE RECORDED IN TUSKI JAHANGIRI(MEMORIES OF JAHANGIR).HE USED TO RECORD LUNAR AND SOLAR ECLIPSES, NOTED AND GATHERED INFORMATION REGARDING THE GROWTH AND DECAY COMET TAILS.HE TRIED TO CULTIVATE HIGH ALTITUDE TREE LIKE SANDAL AND PINE IN PLAINS.

K K PANDEY

HE IS A LEADING PLANT GENETICIST IN THE WORLD WHO HEADS THE GENETIC UNIT,DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH,NEWZELAND.PANDEY FOUND THAT THE S-GENE THAT GOVERNS A PLANT TO SELF POLLINATE OR CROSS POLLINATE IS A COMPOSITION OF GENE OR A SUPER GENE.THE SUPER GENE HE DISCOVERED IS IMPORTANT FOR EVOLUTION OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND CONTROLS THE ABILITY OF A PLANT TO CROSS WITH ANOTHER SPECIES.

K S KRISHNAN

HE WAS BORN IN 1898.IN 1920,HE JOINED IACS,KOLKATA TO DO RESEARCH UNDER C V RAMAN.THEIR JOINT EFFORT RESULTED INTO WHAT IS CALLED RAMAN EFFECT.IN 1948,HE BECAME THE FIRST DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY.KRISHNAN STUDIED THE STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS.

KANADA

HE WAS ONE OF THE PHILOSOPHERS WHO PROBED INTO THE SECRET OF UNIVERSE AND THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER.HE GAVE THE NAME "PARAMANU"(ATOM) TO AN INDIVISIBLE ENTITY OF MATTER.IDEA OF CHEMICAL CHANGE WAS ALSO PUT FORWARD BY KANADA.HE CLAIMED THAT HEAT BRINGS OUT CHANGE.HE ASSERTED THAT EVERYTHING IS MADE OF PARAMANUS AND THEY COMBINE IN VARIOUS WAYS.

M K VAINU BAPPU

HIS NAME WILL ALWAYS BE REMEMBERED IN THE HISTORY OF MODERN INDIAN ASTRONOMY.HE IS THE FIRST INDIAN ASTRONOMER WHOSE NAME IS TAGGED TO A COMET BAPPU-BOK-NEW KIRK.HE SUCCEEDED TO ESTABLISH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ASTROPHYSICS AT BANGALORE.HIS AMBITION OF SETTING UP A POWERFUL 2.34M TELESCOPE WAS MATERIALIZED IN 1986,FOUR YEARS AFTER HIS DEATH.

M S SWAMINATHAN

M S SWAMINATHANHE WAS BORN ON 1925.HE DEVELOPED HYV OF WHEAT AND RICE AND SUCCEDED IN CROSSING POTATO AND JUTE SPECIES.IN 1973, HE BECAME FRS.A PLANT GENETICIST BY TRAINING PROF.SWAMINATHAN'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE AGRICULTURAL RENAISSANCE OF INDIA HAVE LED TO HIS BEING WIDELY REFERRED TO AS THE SCIENTIFIC LEADER OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION MOVEMENT.HE CURRENTLY HOLDS THE UNESCO CHAIR IN ECOTECHNOLOGY AT THE M S SWAMINATHAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION IN CHENNAI.

NAGARJUNA

HE WAS BORN AT SOMNATH IN 931 AD. HE WAS A CHEMIST IN ITS MOST MODERN SENSE.HIS BOOK "RASARATNAKARA" DEALS WITH PREPARATIONS OF RASA(MERCURY) COMPOUNDS, PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY, EXTRACTION OF METALS LIKE SILVER, GOLD, TIN, COPPER ETC. FROM THEIR ORES AND THEIR PURIFICATION. THE PROCESS OF DISTILLATION, LIQUEFACTION, SUBLIMATION AND ROASTING ARE ALSO MENTIONED ALONG WITH PROPER INSTRUMENTS TO BE EMPLOYED.

NARENDRA KARMARKAR

HE DISCOVERED AN ALGORITHM IN 1984 WHICH IS NOW KNOWN ALL OVER THE WORLD AS KARMARKAR'S ALGORITHM.HIS ALGORITHM CAN MAKE COMPUTER TO PERFORM CALCULATIONS 50-100 TIMES FASTER.AT PRESENT HE IS USING HIS KNOWLEDGE OF MATHEMATICS TO DESIGN NEW SUPERCOMPUTERS WHICH WILL SURPASS THE SPEED OF EXISTING COMPUTERS.

P MAHESWARI

HE WAS A FAMOUS BOTANIST WHO INVENTED THE TECHNIQE OF TEST TUBE FERTILISATION OF ANGIOSPERMS DURING THE FIRST HALF OF 1950'S.TILL THEN NO ONE THOUGHT THAT FLOWERING PLANTS COULD BE FERTILIZED IN TEST TUBES.HE WAS BORN IN 1904 IN JAIPUR.HE IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE SUBJECT PLANT EMBRYOLOGY.HE RECEIVED FRS IN 1965.

PRASANTHA CHANDRA MAHALANOBIS

HE WAS THE FIRST INDIAN STATISTICIAN TO RECEIVE WORLD RECOGNITION.IN 1958,HE STARTED MATERIAL SAMPLE SURVEY TO GIVE PROPOSAL TO THE SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN OF INDIAN GOVERMENT.HE MADE STATISTICS POPULAR SUBJECT IN UNIVERSITIES AND FOUNDED INDIAN STATISTICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE IN KOLKATA,WHICH HAS NOW BRANCHES ALL OVER THE COUNTRY.

PATANJALI

IT WAS PATANJALI,DURING 2ND CENTURY BC,WHO DESCRIBED FUNDAMENTALS AND TECHNIQUES OF YOGA IN HIS BOOK,"YOGA SUTRA"YOGA CAN BE EMPLOYED TO CURE DISEASE THROUGH WHAT IS NOW KNOWN AS YOGA THERAPY.RECENTLY SCIENTISTS HAVE RECOGNIZED THE POWERS OF YOGA IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HUMAN LIFE.

SATHYENDRA NATH BOSE

HE DISCOVERED A NEW TYPE OF STATISTICS OBEYED BY CERTAIN PARTICLES LIKE PHOTONS WHILE CHANGING THEIR ENERGY STATES.THE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES OBEYING WHAT IS CALLED BOSE-EINSTEIN STATISTICS ARE CALLED BOSONS.HE WAS BORN ON 1894.BOSE REALIZED THE IMPORTANCE OF POPULARISATION OF SCIENCE AMONGST THE MASSES.HE URGED SCIENTISTS TO WRITE IN MOTHER TONGUE.

SALIM ALI

SALIM MOIZUDDIN ABDUL ALI WAS A FAMOUS ORNITHOLOGIST WHO LOVED BIRDS TILL HIS LAST BREATH.HE WAS BORN ON 1896.IN 1948,HE PUBLISHED TEN VOLUMES OF THE BOOK "HANDBOOK OF BIRDS OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN",WHICH IS THE AUTHENTIC BOOK IN THIS FIELD TILL PRESENT.SALIM ALI VISITED KERALA A NUMBER OF TIMES AND IDENTIFIED MANY MIGRATING BIRDS THERE.

SAWAI JAI SINGH

HE WAS BORN IN 1686 IN JAIPUR.TWO FUNDAMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF JAI SINGH ARE THE MEASUREMENT OF THE PRECESSION OF EQUINOXES AND THE MEASUREMENT OF OBLIQUITY OF ECLIPS.HE DESIGNED INSTRUMENTS BY HIMSELF WHICH INCLUDED SAMRAT YANTRA AND RAMA YANTRA AND HE MADE HIS OBSERVATORY AVAILABLE TO ANYBODY WHO WAS INTERESTED IN STUDYING ASTRONOMY,THEREBY MAKING SCIENCE POPULAR

SAMBHU NATH DE

HE WAS A DOCTOR WHO ALSO DID RESEARCH TO DISCOVER THE BASIC CAUSE OF CHOLERA. HE WAS BORN IN 1915 NEAR KOLKATA.AFTER TAKING PhD FROM UNIVERSITY OF LONDON,HE JOINED NILRATAN SIRCAR MEDICAL COLLEGE.HE DISCOVERED A TECHNIQUE TO CREATE SOME SYMPTOMS IN RABBITS AS OBSERVED IN CHOLERA INFECTED HUMANS.HE FOUND THAT CHOLERA IS CAUSED NOT BY BACTERIA BUT BY A POISONOUS SUBSTANCE "ENTEROTOXIN".